Hydraulic Fracturing For Natural Gas And Oil Production

Sandra Ezidiegwu Policy Paper Hydraulic Fracturing for Natural Gas and Oil Production Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is a technology that has been in use in the oil and natural gas industry for many years dating back to 1947 producing over six hundred trillion cubic feet of natural gas and over seven billion barrels of oil. In today’s world, further steps have been taken by merging horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing in an effort to increase productivity of natural gas and oil. In the US economy today, the increasing implementation of this merger of technologies has brought about energy security, economic growth and plenty of jobs and also many conflicts about its environmental effects as well as its effects on the community†¦show more content†¦Clearly, this is an issue that needs to be addressed in order to create peace of mind and preserve a safe source of energy security. Table of Contents ABSTRACT 0 MAIN BODY 2 MYTHS FINDINGS 4 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 5 CONCLUSION 9 REFERENCES 10 Main Body On a federal level, governing the process of hydraulic fracturing in the natural gas and oil industry are a collaboration of three agencies, the department of energy (DOE), the department of the interior (DOI) and the environmental protection agency (EPA) , which various legislative acts and policies authorize standards under. In addition, States are free to regulate hydraulic fracturing as they see fit, with the exception that state regulations must meet the minimum requirements of any applicable federal regulations. With each agency having a different core competence from the other, the joint association of the three provides a solid support to safer practicing of hydraulic fracturing. This approach to oil and gas industry regulations has led to varying levels of complexity in the regulatory process encountered by companies in different states. The current acts related to hydraulic fracturing include: i. The Natural Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), which assures that all branches of the government give proper consideration to the environment prior to the undertaking of actions that have

The Author of the Black Death John Aberth Essay - 828 Words

Author, John Aberth was born on July 6, 1963. He currently lives in Roxbury, Vermont and serves as an associate academic dean at Castleton State College. There he teaches several history class. He has also taught at many other colleges in Vermont, including the University of Vermont. In 1992, John Aberth received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in Medieval Studies after he received his masters from the University of Leeds. He is the author of five books, whose main focus is the effects of the Black Death in the later Middle Ages, including The First Horsemen: Disease in Human History, The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350, and A Knight at the Movies: Medieval History on Film. Published in 2001, From the Brink of the†¦show more content†¦Aberth dedicates the first section to the First Horseman, Famine. The beginning of the chapter is focused on the decline of medicine in the Middle Ages. He insists that mens actions led to famine by ways of warfare, mon ies, and the provision of armies. The second chapter is devoted to the Second Horseman, War. The most famous war during the Middle Ages is the Hundred Years War. It is there that Aberth begins his chapter. He explains that the shift from chivalry to a new desire and determination to exterminate the enemy (p. 63) is the cause of war. The third chapter is committed to the third horseman, Plague. Many previous scholars believed the death rates from the Black Plague were between one-fourth and one-third of the population. Through careful research Aberth revised those numbers and increased them to about forty percent. â€Å"He asserts that there is no link between hunger and disease, citing a high death rate among the well-fed monks of Canterbury and the secular nobility, Edson Piedmont from Choice Reviews. The fourth chapter is concerned with the fourth horseman, Death. Aberth observed many artifacts and tombs built during the Middle Ages. He found that the tombs portrayed the dead as decaying corpses. He also studied the Dance of Death who purpose was to create hope of resurrection, salvation, and eternal life. The topic on which John Aberth chose to write about is interesting to many people, including youngerShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper Proposal: The Black Death1171 Words   |  5 Pagesinto consideration the perspectives of the individuals that lived and died as a result of the Black Death, specifically from the year 1348 CE – 1350 CE and in the better known parts of the world during that period, the reactions, preventative measure that were taken to combat the plague, the religious and governmental response. In the collection of primary sources amassed by John Aberth in The Black Death, 1348-1350: the great mortality of 1348-1350 ; a brief history with documents1 he very succinctlyRead MoreAnti Semitism On France Before, During And Post Dreyfus Affair2837 Words   |  12 Pagesthemselves have stuck to their religious roots and have not given up on their culture or their beliefs in spite of risking violence and hatred from many cultures that they live amongst. In France especially, the history of anti-semitism stems back from the Black Plague of Europe and rose and fell depending of the emotional standing of the people of the country and different times. This paper will discuss the history of this anti-semitism in france, the historical events that caused much strife for the jewish

Through the Eyes of a Snow Man Free Essays

Mason Ochocki Through the Eyes of a Snow Man Many people have a very positive connotation with the word â€Å"snowman†. For most, it summons memories of asking Mom for carrots or some spare buttons, and of rolling giant snowballs into a form that resembles a giant ant more so than an actual human being. Such is not the case with the Wallace Stevens poem, The Snow Man. We will write a custom essay sample on Through the Eyes of a Snow Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now No warm and fuzzy feelings are recalled in a close reading of this single sentence poem. Here, the snowman functions as a metaphor of a metaphor, a device that seems to be frequently used in Romantic poetry.The snowman represents the â€Å"mind of winter†, which relates to the abstract concept of true nothingness. Through the use of the image of the snowman, Stevens crafts a poem that deals with ideas of objectivity, human consciousness, and imagination versus reality. In this poem, questions are raised as to whether or not the speaker even believes humans to be a part of the wintry scene that makes up the surroundings, apart from what our own perceptions tell us. The poem begins with a deceptively simple description of a seemingly desolate winter landscape.The images, such as the â€Å"pine trees crusted with snow† and the â€Å"junipers shagged with ice†, are creatively stirring, and manage to accommodate feelings of morose and possibly misery. As the poem reads on, the reader is taken past the point of imaginative descriptions into a world of nothingness, as cold as the snowman himself. To truly understand the beauty of the winter scene, it is necessary, as the speaker implies, to view it through the eyes of the snowman. Actually, it even takes it a step further.Rather than viewing it through snowman’s actual eyes, which are probably made of coal anyway, one must actually become the snowman, which is, for all intents and purposes, an inanimate object. By doing this, one is stripped of everything that makes them different from this man made of snow. All outside influence evaporates, and the reader is thrown into a world where they can be completely objective. The winter scene is expanded, and the cold no longer causes any diversion from normalcy. It is here where the reader can hear all of the sounds of the wintry scene.Stevens makes almost excessive use of the â€Å"s† sound in words such as â€Å"snow†, â€Å"listens†, and â€Å"listener†. It is also found in the word â€Å"sound† itself on three occasions, and the word â€Å"same† on two. It seems that in this poem, the pronoun â€Å"one† refers to the speaker, almost as if he is identifying himself as any or every person. Having the mind of winter is to have the mind of the snowman. Winter can be seen as exactly as it is, with no internal or external influence, and with no imaginative prospects. It is only this way that the speaker can literally see â€Å"nothing that is not there†, but also, the tangible â€Å"nothing that is†. This, in my opinion, relates to the concept of objectivity. Objectivity is defined by Webster as â€Å"judgment based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices†. In his own mind, the speaker would hear â€Å"misery in the sound of the wind†. This is because the speaker has real human emotions and imagination that causes him to attach feelings to the scene that don’t necessarily exist there. In the mind of the snowman, however, there is nothing more than â€Å"the sound of the land, full of the same wind, that is blowing in the same bare place. But, it also must be said that maybe the snowman sees nothing and feels nothing only because he is nothing himself. In the same way that the human mind projects its own emotions onto the world around it, the unconscious snowman leaves it empty, because his reality is no reality at all. Reading through this poem, one cannot help but to think about the concept of true nothingness. Stevens touches upon it by referring to â€Å"the nothing that is†, but it seems as though it is part of a much greater idea.From a rational standpoint, one would assume that â€Å"nothing† is merely the absence of â€Å"something†. In this poem, however, nothing is something tangible. It is something that exists within the world of the snowman and it cannot be ignored. This leads to the conclusion that true nothingness, as a concept, cannot really exist. The human race exists in a universe where what is perceived with senses and basic instinct is the only thing that can be relied upon. The limits of reality are largely unknown to anyone, and therefore ruling out any possibilities would be irrational.In order for true nothing to actually exist, it can’t exist. How does one differentiate the nothing to be, from the nothing that never was? It would seem, in large part, that the speaker is pondering this question while looking at a snowman. The existence of an actual snowman within the poem is debatable, as it might just be a clever metaphor evoked by the title. Either way, it doesn’t really affect the meaning, just the image that comes to mind when reflecting on the scene. This may be because it is worth noting that the poem’s title is â€Å"The Snow Man†.This is interesting because, typically, the word â€Å"snowman† is one word and not two. This would suggest that it isn’t really referring to a mock human sculpture made out of large snowballs, but rather an actual man standing in the open snow. In the Cormac McCarthy novel The Road, there is a very memorable quote that reads, â€Å"Not all dying words are true†. What this means is that situations are, for the most past, irrelevant—that no matter what the circumstances, one must still be aware and conscious of the fact that human error is inevitable.The poem seems to elaborate on this in many aspects. The snowman can never be dishonest, because he can only accept things exactly as they are. The snowman has no ulterior motives, no emotions, and no ways to possibly reflect what he has learned upon his surrounding environment. Having a â€Å"mind of winter† allows one to be like the snowman. Without the capacity for imagination, the scene exists exactly as it is, if at all. With imagination, the landscape is skewed. It presents infinite possibilities for interpretations, exaggerations, and falsifications.This is the point where absolute truth cannot exist in a world where humans can’t determine the full extent of nature’s role in their reality. â€Å"The junipers shagged with ice, (and) the spruces rough in the distant glitter† provide thought-provoking imagery that is both moving and powerful. It presents a world of interpretation and re-interpretation that only a human mind can comprehend. The snowman, however, is presented with none of these options. He has no mind, and therefore he has a greater capacity for truth than a real person ever can.Being like the snowman allows one to appreciate the serene beauty of the scene without thinking about the effects it will have on them. The human condition is meaningless to a snowman, and therefore, if he is to die out in the cold, his dying words will be nothing but the utmost truth. The Snow Man by Wallace Stevens is a poem that can be interpreted in a vast amount of ways. It is only a single sentence, and yet, it says so much. It is just short and vague enough to mean different things to almost anyone who eads it, yet long and illustrated enough that these interpretations can be elaborated upon and put into practice. By using the image of the snowman, Stevens manages to create a poem that deals with concepts of objectivity, human perception, and deep concepts of created imagination and reality. Would an actual â€Å"mind of winter† be able to take anything from this poem at all, or would it just accept it for what it is on the surface? It seems that the answer lies within the snowman, who will forever remain unspoken. How to cite Through the Eyes of a Snow Man, Papers

Payola Scandal at Sony Music Essay Example For Students

Payola Scandal at Sony Music Essay Explain why Des are such important stakeholders in the music industry. Why it is crucial to have closely knit relationship with them? Des are important stakeholders in the music industry since Des pre-selects the songs that are going to be played on the radio and the songs that get to be played on the radio will generate commercial success. Therefore it is crucial for record companies to have closely knit relationships with the Des in order to solicit favors from the Des to play and promote their portfolio of songs in order to ensure their portfolio of songs will generate commercial success. Payola is illegal; why was it particularly crucial for the record companies to settle the lawsuit swiftly (I. E. Why could Sony not afford a legitimacy crisis of this scale in the eyes of its relevant stakeholders)? Give reason why particular stakeholders would be displeased by the unfolding of events. It was crucial for the record companies to settle the lawsuit swiftly since they were engaged in their allegation against illegal file-sharing networks and their reputation was significantly Jeopardized by the payola affair. The payola affair had weaken their legal position in the file-sharing trial. If they lost the file-sharing trial, then file- sharing would become legal. Then consumers would no longer buy records anymore but instead they would Just download songs from the file-sharing network. Then the record companies would lose their source of revenue from selling records. 3. What steps would you take to avert further damage in terms of corporate social responsibility, after the payola scandal unfolded? Explain your answer. In order to avert further reputation damage, the records companies could engage in a number of corporate social responsibilities activities such as charity events or lend a support to a cause (e. Against drug abuse or bullies). A charity event could be a fund raising concerts where proceeds from the concerts could go to charitable organizations/foundations or directly to the victims of diseases/illness or natural disasters. Support to a cause could be done in number of ways for example financially or education. Financially supporting a cause could be done by donating a few percent from the sale of a record to the cause. While support to cause through education could be done by promoting the cause in their merchandises especially in the cover of their records. Payola Scandal at Sony Music By totalitarian